Repairs when the math favors repair, replacements quoted flat at $1,400–$3,800 for tank and $3,500–$6,500 for tankless — permitted, inspected, done.

Nobody researches water heaters until theirs quits — usually discovered barefoot, mid-shower, on the coldest morning of the year. So here's the crash course, with the prices attached, the way we wish every contractor wrote it.
A standard tank water heater lives 8–12 years in Charlotte. Our municipal water is moderately soft, which is kind to tanks, but sediment still settles, anodes still sacrifice themselves, and steel still rusts from the inside out. The first sign is usually hot water that runs out faster than it used to, a popcorn rumble from sediment boiling on the burner, or rusty-tinged hot water. The last sign is a puddle — and if the puddle comes from the tank body rather than a fitting, the unit is finished. No honest plumber repairs a leaking tank.
If your heater is under eight years old and the symptom is no hot water, lukewarm water, or tripping breakers, the fix is usually an element, thermostat, or gas control valve — a few hundred dollars, often done same day. Past ten years, or with any tank-body leak, replacement wins: $1,400–$3,800 installed for tank units depending on capacity, fuel type, and what current code requires your install to add (expansion tank, drain pan, updated venting). We quote the all-in number before ordering anything.

No hot water this morning? Most replacements happen the same day you call.
Tankless units run $3,500–$6,500 installed and they're genuinely great — endless hot water, twenty-year service life, and a footprint the size of a carry-on bag. They're the right answer for big households that drain a 50-gallon tank by the third shower, and for attic or upstairs-closet installs around Ballantyne and Highland Creek where a tank failure means a ceiling. They're the wrong answer if a basic tank already serves your house fine; the payback math takes a long time when nothing was wrong. We'll run your actual numbers and tell you which side of that line you're on.
And if you're not in crisis — your heater is just turning nine and you'd rather choose its replacement on a calm Saturday than a frantic Tuesday — book a planning visit. Replacing on your schedule is always cheaper than replacing on the heater's.
Tell us the urgency and the symptom — a licensed plumber calls back with real numbers.
Call before noon and most tank swaps finish the same day — quoted flat before we order a thing.